Gene expression is a highly regulated process by which the genetic code, the nucleotide sequence, of a gene is used to direct protein synthesis and produce the structures of the cell both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Today, mRNA expression techniques have led to improvements in gene identification and disease sub-classification using techniques listed below:

Northern blotting

This is a technique used to detect specific RNA molecules present within an RNA sample from a cell type or tissue so as to determine the RNA expression of certain genes.

Western blotting

Western blotting is a technique for detecting specific protein molecules within a protein mixture and to determine a protein’s size, and how much of it is expressed.

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

This is the most sensitive technique for detecting and quantifying mRNA using extremely small sample sizes of just a single cell.